Research: Gamification in Language Learning

In 2021, during my internship at LEGO, I was introduced to the concept of “Learning through Play.” This philosophy emphasizes the importance of play in fostering learning and development, especially for children. It sparked a curiosity in me about how and if play could be intentionally structured to enhance learning without disrupting its natural balance. My thesis became an opportunity to explore this concept further, focusing on gamification in language learning.

Video games provide a unique balance between play and learning by leveraging what psychologists call the “flow state.” This state occurs when an activity challenges us just enough to remain engaging without being overwhelming, keeping us focused and motivated. Through narrative design, challenges, and rewards, video games create an immersive experience that can seamlessly incorporate educational content. For language learners, this balance between intrinsic motivation and structured progression offers exciting potential.

My research became focused on how video games could serve as tools for language acquisition. Specifically, it examined the effects of switching in-game language settings to one’s target language and compared this approach to more traditional gamified learning platforms like Duolingo. This study aimed to address a central question: Can games offer a meaningful alternative to established language-learning tools?

Why Language Learning?

Language is a living, evolving system, deeply connected to culture and context. Unlike rigid subjects like mathematics, it demands an immersive environment for effective mastery. My research identified four key reasons why gamification might be particularly well-suited for language learning:

1. Immersion: Real-world exposure is critical for language proficiency. Video games can simulate immersive environments by creating contextual narratives and character interactions.
2. Cultural Connection: Games often reflect cultural nuances, offering learners an opportunity to understand the cultural roots of a language.
3. Sustained Engagement: Learning a language requires consistent effort. Well-designed gamified systems help maintain motivation through engagement.
4. Fluidity and Nuance: Language learning thrives in dynamic, interactive settings that games can provide, unlike static exercises.

Duolingo vs. Video Games

Duolingo’s model, while effective for beginners, relies heavily on streaks to incentivize daily use. However, my research highlighted a common frustration among users—streaks often become a source of pressure rather than genuine learning motivation. In contrast, video games naturally immerse players in context-rich environments without relying on external motivators like streaks.

For instance, participants in my study reported that playing games in their target language improved their vocabulary and comprehension. They were motivated to understand dialogues and instructions to progress in the game, creating a more organic and enjoyable learning experience.

Findings and Future Directions

The study’s findings were clear: participants at all levels found value in using video games for language learning. The key takeaway was that games provide accessibility, engagement, and a level of immersion that traditional platforms often struggle to replicate.

While my study was limited in scale, it opens the door for further exploration. How can structured lesson pathways be integrated into games without disrupting their narrative? Could collaborations between platforms like Duolingo and game developers enhance the gamified learning experience?

Attached below is the poster I prepared for my presentation of my thesis: